vendredi 14 août 2015
General Dictionary of Geology
The subjects of this dictionary are most of geological terms but there are many terms that
also related with geophysics, biology, astrophysics, and geography. Geology is an interesting
subject in knowing history of Earth creation, creature evolution, ancient Earth life and Earth
condition in the past; even find mine, coal, also oil deposit below Earth surface. Petrogeologist
study geology to find mine, coal, or oil deposit. Geophysics scientist study geology for recognize
the physical characteristics of Earth component such as magnetism, seismicity, elasticity, Earth
thermodynamic, by physical experiments in a specific geological structure which consist of
specific rocks and minerals. Biology scientist study geology for tracing the historical evolution
of creature in its first appearance until this time. Geographers also study geology for recognize a
spatial phenomenon of Earth surface that were formed or influenced with a sequences of
geological event.
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Introduction to Mineral Exploration Second Edition
Since the first edition was published much has changed in the mineral exploration business. It has
been through one of the sharpest downturns since the 1930s and the industry has become truly global,
with many mergers and acquisitions of mining and exploration companies. Indeed, conditions
at the time at the time of writing appear to have moved back to boom driven by increasing demand.
We have tried to maintain a balance between principles and case histories, based on our experience
of teaching at senior undergraduate and postgraduate levels. We have attempted to reflect the
changing mineral exploration scene by rewriting the sections on mineral economics (Chapter 1)
and the increased emphasis on public accountability of mineral exploration companies (Chapters
10 and 11), as well as updating the other chapters. One of the major areas of advance has been
the widespread use of information technology in mineral exploration. We have added a chapter
(Chapter 9) dealing with the handling of mineral exploration data. Although we do not advocate
geologists letting their hammers get rusty, the correct compilation of data can help expedite
fieldwork and improve understanding of deposits for feasibility studies.
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Environmental Geology
Environmental Geology Is Geology Applied
to Living
The environment is the sum of all the features and conditions surrounding an organism that may infl uence it. An individual’s physical environment encompasses rocks and soil, air and water, such factors as light and temperature, and other organisms. One’s social environment might include a network of family and friends, a particular political system,
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PRINCIPLES OF THE MAGNETIC METHODS IN GEOPHYSICS
Magnetic methods are widely used in exploration, engineering, borehole, and global geophysics and the subjects of this monograph are the physical and mathematical principles of these methods regardless of the area of application. The first chapter is devoted entirely to the magnetic field caused solely by conduction currents. Beginning with Ampere’s law we analyze the force of interaction between currents and then introduce the concept of the magnetic field and discuss its fundamental features. In order to simplify a study of magnetic field the vector potential is introduced. Special attention is paid to the system of equations of the magnetic field at regular points and at places where surface density of currents differs from zero. We also consider several examples of the field behavior because of its relationship to the application of magnetic methods in geophysics. The second chapter describes in detail the theory of the magnetic field in the presence of magnetic medium. There is a section where we study distribution of magnetization currents and association between these currents and the vectors of the inductive and remanent magnetization. The systems of equations for the magnetic field and fictitious field H are derived and we illustrate a difference between these fields considering several examples. The behavior of magnetic field in the presence of magnetic medium is described in the next chapter, where at the beginning we consider questions such as a solution of the boundary-value problems and theorem of uniqueness. Then behavior of the magnetic field and the vector of magnetization are analyzed in the presence of different magnetic bodies. In order to describe the theory of the vertical magnetometer we study several topics related to this subject,
among them are the force acting on magnet, moment of rotation, interaction between two magnets, and the relationship between Ampere’s and Coulomb’s laws. The main magnetic field of the earth is described in Chapter 4. We begin with an introduction to the central characteristics of this field and briefly describe the history of its study. Then we consider the spherical harmonic analysis of the earth’s field that is naturally preceded by information on Legendre’s functions. In Chapter
5 we focus on a solution of the inverse problems in the magnetic method and describe uniqueness and nonuniqueness, ill- and well-posed problems, stable and unstable parameters, regularization, as well as different methods of solution to the forward problem. The main purpose of Chapter 6 is to describe diamagnetic, paramagnetic, and ferromagnetic substances proceeding from the atomic physics. Following the Feynman lectures, we introduce concepts of the angular momentum and magnetic moment of atom, derive an expression for the frequency of precession, and describe energy states of atomic systems.
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Rocks and minerals
About the pagination of this eBook
Due to the unique page numbering scheme of this book, the
electronic pagination of the eBook does not match the pagination
of the printed version. To navigate the text, please use the
electronic Table of Contents that appears alongside the eBook or
the Search function.
For citation purposes, use the page numbers that appear in the text.
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Sedimentary Rocks in the Field THIRD EDITION
This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject
matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.
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Seismic Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Structures
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or
information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar
methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts
in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being
entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication
of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the
Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from
Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center.
Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt
from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of
publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for
any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with
respect to the material contained herein.
Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
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lundi 10 août 2015
ENCYCLOPEDIA of SNOW, ICE AND GLACIERS
Snow, ice and
glaciers (SIG) are the components constituting what is called cryosphere. They
exist at all latitudes and contain the majority of the earth’s fresh water. Due to their dominant prevalence, they
influence weather, climate, ecosystems, vegetation, and life and human
activities in a variety of ways. Indeed they shape human civilization. Owing to
looming climate change and global warming, temperature changes now seem
inevitable and are changing the landscape of snow, ice and glaciers, or even
the existence thereof. In fact, the changes occurring in SIG can be construed
as major indicators of climate change. The nature of cryosphere is highly
interdisciplinary and calls for an updated interdisciplinary account of its dynamics.
Recent decades have witnessed increasing attention to SIG and scientific
communities have started working collectively to develop the basic foundation
upon which the broad understanding of cryosphere rests. However, there is still
a long way to go.
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Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geoph
All information about the
Earth’s interior comes from field observations and measurements made within the
top few kilometers of the surface, from laboratory experiments and from the
powers of human deduction, relying on complex numerical modeling. Solid Earth
Geophysics encompasses all these endeavors and aspires to define and quantify
the internal structure and processes of the Earth in terms of the principles of
physics, corresponding mathematical formulations and computational procedures.
The role of Solid Earth Geophysics has gained prominence with increasing
recognition of the fact that knowledge and understanding of Earth processes are
central to the continued well being of the global community. Apart from
persistent search for natural resources, this research line is linked to basic
investigations regarding the mutual relationships between climate and tectonics
and on the effects of global change in terms of a wide spectrum of natural
hazards. Consequently, the pursuit of this science has seen spectacular
progress all over the world in recent decades, both in fundamental and applied
aspects, necessarily aided by advancements in allied fields of science and
technology.
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dimanche 9 août 2015
المعجم الجيولوجي المصور ( A - Z )
المعجم الجيولوجي المصور ( A - C ) المجلد الأول
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المعجم الجيولوجي المصور ( D - G ) الـمـجـلـد الـثـانـي
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المعجم الجيولوجي المصور (H - O) الـمـجـلـد الـثـالـث*
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المعجم الجيولوجي المصور ( P - S ) الـمـجـلـد الـرابـع
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المعجم الجيولوجي المصور ( T - Z ) الـمـجـلـد الـخامـس
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